Key words: speech culture, the influence of the media, acting, standards of Ukrainian language.

Today, the topic of media speech is extremely important. Many people believe that the media have the greatest impact on today’s youth communication.

On the current state of Ukrainian aptly L. Kostenko said: «It – it’s also the face of the people, it is heavily distorted». And the acting spelling and vocabulary that we use – this is the Soviet version of the Ukrainian language, with only cosmetic editorial [8, p. 8].

The culture of speech – is mastery of words, the ability to accurately available, emotionally, vividly express their views, as all teaching plans, goals and objectives are realized in the pedagogical interaction – communicating with students.

The basic requirements for professional broadcasting:

– correctness that is consistent literary norms in force in the language system;

– consistency that provides a deep understanding of the topic and the main statements of opinion; versatile and full of the topic, avoiding unnecessary;

– sequence logic opinion;

– wealth that involves the use of means of expression within the appropriate style (using words in a figurative sense, aphorisms, comparisons, metaphors, diversify the grammatical structure of sentences, the use of separate, homogeneous members, inserted words, traffic, stylistic figures and others.);

– accuracy, which largely depends on the depth of knowledge and erudition of the individual, as well as the active vocabulary.

To raise the level of speech culture we should:

– respect the language in which we communicate, and the people with whom we communicate;

– a lot of reading – works of different styles of individual artists artistic style;

– try using virtually several languages ​​well to master the rules of each of them, to understand their specificity, to prevent mixing of linguistic phenomena, manifestations correct interference;

– regardless of the scope of its activities to monitor the changes in the rules that are fixed in new editions of dictionaries, spelling books and etc;

– critically and creatively apply to written and spoken words, comparing it with established norms and practices recognized standard;

– do not get involved in «fashionable» trends that are inherent in a book, some authors or social or professional groups of people.

Oral word in television and radio or on stage is a powerful force of influence on the consciousness and contributing to the prestige language. Therefore, workers in this sector (journalists, TV presenters, actors, etc) should be aware of moral responsibility for a powerful influence on the formation of linguistic personality, the upbringing of the younger generation.

Many broadcasters are acting almost unconsciously produced – it comes to personal style of driving response and conversation. This, of course, involves some acting skills. But tragically, if the person driving substituted completely constructed, contrived way. TV hosts no need to create images, do not believe in circumstances invented by the author suggested, because they are dictated by his work life. That is, there are several positions on the issue and both inexhaustible. First of all, it depends on the nature and character of the leader. On the other hand, the TV presenter is acting skills required, as well as technical, stage speech [5].

In my opinion, each broadcaster must necessarily be an artist, but the main thing is to remember about the different roles played by the actor on stage and TV screen. If the actor is trying to catch all the strings of your innermost soul, he will hear your laughter or see tears on the face of the viewer, TV presenter should be extremely careful using his artistic talent. This should be done with a jeweler’s skill – carefully, subtly and delicately. His role is to play flawlessly presenter, or better yet – do not play, and empathize with the heroes of their programs.

Broadcasters should not transfer their bad mood people for slave mentality of our people cannot tolerate aggression. Some channels in Ukrainian TV space began to cultivate aggression as a method provocative journalism. But this method is more inherent in American journalism. Face channels – important and influential people, because they determine the perception of TV viewers. The television audience trusts is leading, not a television channel entirely [9].

In order to have a Ukrainian literary language, culture and technology improve speech and leading journalists should consciously renounce the use of surzhyk even in everyday speech, often look in the dictionary to improve his articulation, diction, and learn to work with the microphone.

The desire purity of speech, its clarity and understandability should be one of the priorities of professional training of journalists. It is unfortunate that some forget about it on the television, because every irrelevance, including language, has a negative influence on the culture of today’s youth communication.

The high level of language culture – is an essential feature of modern man, should not make mistakes in pronunciation, in the use of forms of words, in the construction of sentences, but this is difficult to achieve in the current situation where the media that have a significant impact on the culture of speech society, so far from the norm.

The culture speech of media professionals is an essential component of their professionalism. Undoubtedly, however complete from a literary point of view was not leading broadcast, it will remain colorless, gray and indistinct someone who does not have a microphone in front of the appropriate level of speech culture.

It is important to pay attention to the fact that most shows aimed at young viewers, in particular young people. Very often, teenagers, watching TV, are trying to learn something new and interesting for themselves. They remember the information they see and hear. Children cannot even guess that the speech of some leaders may be errors or deviations on some literary norms of modern Ukrainian literary language.

Modern Ukrainian TV channels must follow the norms of the Ukrainian language and their possible changes. Since we know that the journalists – are a «fourth power», then surely saying correctly, they can positively influence the speech of modern youth culture [6, p. 43].

Training system needs improvement television journalists – is a verdict modern broadcasting. Training courses focused on practical mastery of language culture, including orthoepy, technique of speech, oratory, must take the forefront in the preparation of the «stars of the screen». Permanent work on themselves, improve articulation base, diction, for a clear and distinct pronunciation of sounds, syllables, words, develop a clear tone – another step to improve speech.

Speaking of driving is a dynamic process that is constantly changing and qualitative transformation. From this perspective, there is a need for deep and careful research is the permanent variability leading broadcasting. This is not to forget that the presenter – is a business card of the entire editorial or channel. Thus, the broadcasting of driving should serve as a model for all others, first edition of artists and ordinary viewers [2, p. 69].

In order to eliminate the most common errors in speech leading, significant improvement in quality of broadcast journalism efforts alone may be enough linguists. This requires above all desire the employee to be professionals. One of the factors is the leading professional language proficiency. And do not forget about the competition, which has long been spread in a journalistic environment. Each presenter, journalist is trying to work as much as possible, in all have their own style. This also applies to broadcasting.

In order to enjoy their unique style of broadcasting and that broadcasting was literate, you must engage in self-education. Another way of improving the quality of speech does not exist. The hosts have to realize it. Therefore, managers of creative groups, experienced journalists should inculcate beginners need daily care for the improvement of its broadcast.

One of the problems leading broadcasting is bilingualism, which significantly affects the broadcasting of modern youth. Of course, the presenter should avoid using Russian words during his speech. Only when driving loses their mistakes and most importantly – using Russian words – it helps to achieve perfect speech of today’s youth.

If journalists and presenters will follow all the mentioned rules and follow them, the level of Ukrainian television will be very high. Then, I am sure, will grow and broadcast not only today’s youth, but also the general public.

So, to leading broadcast journalist had a positive impact on today’s youth culture of communication, it is important they understand the need always to take care of their own speech process. Even if there is still such a show where we see a significantly low level of speech culture, should not fall under their influence, as each step in this direction means the distance the speaker from the purity of speech.

References

1. Antysurzhyk. Learning to behave politely and correctly speaking / Society. Ed. A. Serbenska : Guide. – Lviv : World, 1994. – 152 p.
2. Biletska A. A. Modern information culture and its influence on the younger generation / A. A. Biletska // Pedagogy, 2007. – № 5. – P. 68 – 72.
3. Evseeva G. P. Issues of speech in the media (for example, publications Dnipropetrovsk) / G. P. Evseev, V. S. Egorov // Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk University, 2011. – № 11. – P. 65 – 72.
4. Inshakov V. M. In the epicenter of events – journalist / V. M. Inshakov. – Dnipropetrovsk : Zhurfond, 2005. – 292 p.
5. Linnik N. A. Use reduced vocabulary in language print media and its impact on standards of literary language / N. A. Linnik // [electronic resource]. – Access : www.nbuv.gov.ua – Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine.
6. Masenko L. T. Language and politics / L. T. Masenko. – 2nd ed., Reported. – K : Sunflower, 2004. – 120 p.
7. Matveeva L. V. Psychology televyzyonnoy kommunikaczii / L. V. Matveeva, T. Y. Anikeev, Y. U. Mochalova // Culture of communication. – Moscow : RIP-holding, 2002. – 316 p.
8. Farion I. D. The norm Language : destruction, search, renewal (Broadcasting Public Culture people) : [monograph] / ID Farion. – Ed. 3rd, ext. – Ivano-Frankivsk City NV, 2013. – 332 p.
9. Shugaylo Y. V. Theory of media exposure on personality / Shugaylo Y. V. // [electronic resource]. – Access : www.nbuv.gov.ua. – Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine.

Key words: culture of speech, language norm, media, modern youth.

Language – is the wealth of the nation. It is an indicator of intelligence and civilization of the people. Unfortunately, we can observe a decline of civilization, especially among today’s youth.

Today, the topic of speech is extremely important. Many people believes that the media has the greatest impact on today’s youth communication.

The influence of the media on society studied personality G. Lassuel, M. Makluen, C. Wright; media features distinguish B. Firson, I. Fomicheva, N. Bogomolova, S. Shandruk, L. Masol; address the imoact of the media on the personality G. Apostolov, V. Arbenina, A. Wolanska and others.

Radio, television, newspapers and magazines broke into the society. But we should not forget about how it conveys information. From early childhood man is in the information field, it cannot live without information, perceiving it through many channels, and on the basis of processing forms its behavior.

The means of modern media include publications, newspapers, photographs, sound recordings, radio, cinema, television, video and multimedia computer systems, including the Internet.

All these means inherent quality that they share – an appeal to a mass audience, accessibility to many people, corporate nature of production and distribution of information. The media must help a wider audience.

Each type of media has its own specialization edition for women; political newspapers; religious press; environmental media; agrarian press [8, p. 18].

At present there is no straight influence of the media and bilateral nature. The interaction of these two social phenomena takes place against the backdrop of modern broadcasting. It is necessary to pay attention to how modernity is speaking.

Personality is formed by many elements of the socio-cultural environment. The media is one of these elements. They not only provide our domestic environment of information-standing aesthetic environment but also create value orientation.

The important role in this aspect is an impact on the teenager as a person that can easily succumb to the influence of the media, the arts, culture, aesthetic environment organization, activities, relationships and environment [8, p. 19].

Recently, we often encounter manifestations of vulgarity, lack of taste, cynicism and cruelty. The cognitive transfers were gone, the ones that teach something. The behavior and manners of the frame and leading members of transfers is unprofessional and unethical. However, the basis of human morality is a moral quality that serves as one of the internal mechanisms underlying moral choice and self-regulation of behavior; determine the level of social activity and maturity of people, their moral culture.

Teens actively penetrate the social life in this age is extremely intense absorption kid ethical rules, norms and principles of formation related habits of moral behavior and moral character of the individual. Changing social situation of child development education necessitates a certain set of moral qualities of his personality that would allow him to adapt quickly to new social conditions and would serve as the basis for further moral education. That is why, more than ever, important is the question of the impact of the media, and above all – television, broadcasting the culture of today’s youth.

The amount of time that a person spends watching TV is impressive. In 1986, scientists from the University of Missouri began to study the effect of formal elements of TV – installation, play, assaults, noise, light – research on human reflex. The researchers concluded that these stylistic devices actually cause a person involuntary reaction and thus keep his attention [4, p. 36].

It should be noted that young people nowadays stratified, like other segments of the population of Ukraine, they suffer most from want. These conditions are dangerous underestimation of the educational influence of television on young generation that chooses its own path in life, and «on which way it will go – honest and victorious, is criminal and criminal depends not only its own future, but the future of the whole nation, all of our independent state» [7, p. 34].

Adolescence completes preparation for independent life, the formation of values, world view, and the choice of professional work and civil significance of individual approval. As a result, under the influence of social and personal factors rebuilt the entire system of relations with the youth and the people around him changing his attitude to himself. With age, the influence of social factors on the psychological development of man increases. The physical formation is almost over, but for all that there is «the most valuable acquisition – the opening of his inner world». There is a shift from external control to the government. It is necessary to control the information, which the young man begins to look like in its internal and external surrounding his world. It is therefore natural that at this age is often a strong attraction to the media [2, p. 68].

For a long time, television was considered safe, but recently many states that frequent and haphazard watching TV can lead to bad consequences for the mental development of children. At a time when the first generation was growing up «screen» children, these effects become more apparent. There is a sharp decline imagination and creativity of children. They lose the ability and desire to take something himself. Do not strive for the invention of games, to create your own imaginary world. It is dull for them to draw, design. They do not interest and not exciting. Lack inner world is reflected in the relationship between children.

One of the main impacts of media on youth is broadcasting. Looking various TV shows, young people listen, of course, the culture of communication. They will not think of driving errors that often occur during their speech. Members believe that talk as shown on television – it is right, in a word – «it’s cool». Children begin to memorize the quote wrong with certain TV programs and thus boast before their peers, believing that this is the culture of communication.

It is believed that television reflects in children a love of books. This convinced the majority of teachers and parents, but not children. Children telemann so addicted to viewing all possible TV and movies that it adversely affects their health.

The most common errors on television that most effect on today’s youth culture of communication is doublespeak errors that Russian words spoken in Ukrainian system or Ukrainian words decorated in Russian: iron, step, of course etc. Such words included in our language intruders. The youth of today are so accustomed to them, and did not notice as they thwarted the mouth. However, the man who watches his speech, in his culture and cleanliness few borrowings from Russian drink less, drink not at all, but most speakers, unfortunately, does not think about his speech, not listening to himself, for which it obtained macaronic [5].

Imperfect in the media is the use of vocative case as signs of the Ukrainian language. Ukrainian language belongs to the Slavic languages, kept vocative, while others lost it. It is important to form a shape vocative case. His are all nouns first, second and third differences in the singular. But he rarely formed from nouns of the third declension, because it is mostly the names of objects, concepts, to which no one appeals, although there is this form. It is also important to remember that the Ukrainian language expressed in the form of appeals vocative case: Mr. Maksymchuk. And, unfortunately, the use of the media as signs vocative case Ukrainian language is imperfect [3, p. 66].

Equally important factor of media influence on modern youth culture of communication are errors in discourse, the choice morphological forms of construction and syntax. And so sometimes we are imperfect expressions in the pages of local newspapers, TV, radio, etc: nevertheless – but diminished – was less take place – take place [5].

Sometimes the media and stylistic errors occur that also affect the culture broadcasting youth. In the context of the style should not talk about such a vocabulary that most dictionaries to language enters circulation, but a careful analysis still reflects its stylistic shortcomings. First and foremost on the use of synonyms Our School – National University «Ostroh Academy» has a contract (agreement) with the Polish university.

Special attention needs so-called americanization of language Ukrainian media space. Ukrainian-American doublespeak has become a phenomenon independent of our information space. English-language borrowing is often unintelligible to ordinary readers. Number of Anglicisms in one sentence sometimes reaches such numbers that the person is no longer able to perceive information: General Director of the holding, consulting or trust organizes training courses gives business plans, quotations is listed under the margin of the National Bank [5].

Sometimes young people who are accustomed to the borrowed words seem impossible to select Ukrainian counterparts. But it is not. For example, popular among young people kanyeshno word is in Ukrainian language their counterparts: of course.

Slang words have lexical equivalents in the literary language, and can be identified only through narrative structure. We use the words of jargon musicians (parties, spin), the youth slang (funny, rasslabuha). Vocabulary a style highly influences the formation of speech culture of today’s youth and adolescents are leaving in the memory.

Like modern information provided by media or not (despite the correctness and accuracy), it is an integral part of market processes i modern life as a whole. The task of the media – is monitoring of the environment to inform the people all the «hot» news. Media reported the news, having to teach people. Focusing on scope personality, the hidden instincts information of different types, movies and advertising exert pressure on rights. Especially under this effect is youth. First, in search of popular scientific information it often for adults refers to the Internet, magazines, and all these streams early accompanied by advertising, erotic pictures. Secondly, young people more emotionally vulnerable, susceptible. Thirdly, young people longer than adults, conducted near this TV. In the media widely advertised drinks, cigarettes. This is adolescent’s affects. Young men identify themselves gay, «funky» carefree boys and girls in video, strong and men from harmful habits, which are used to achieve all the power which constantly show films in fact i «beautiful life», which is a way of life. This attitude to life around i and i divergence ideals quite often lead to serious consequences – is aggression, alcoholism, frequent depression, nervous mind [10].

Thus, today’s youth must think and not to forget about their culture communication. In my opinion, this is the key to success in the future. After all, the art of words – this is the best gift that a person can have.

References

1. Antysurzhyk. Learning to behave politely and correctly speak / Pod Society. Ed. A. Serbenska : Guide. – Lviv : World, 1994. – 152 p.
2. Biletska O. O. Modern information culture and its influence on the younger generation / O. O. Biletska // Pedagogy, 2007. – № 5. – P. 68 – 72.
3. Evseeva G. P. Issues of speech in the media (for example, publications Dnipropetrovsk) / G. P. Evseev, V. S. Egorov // Bulletin of Dnepropetrovsk University, 2011. – № 11. – P. 65 – 72.
4. Inshakov V. M. In the epicenter of events – journalist / V. M. Inshakov. – Dnepropetrovsk : Zhurfond, 2005. – 292 p.
5. Linnik N. Use reduced vocabulary in language print media and its impact on standards of literary language / N. A. Linnik // [electronic resource]. – Access : www.nbuv.gov.ua – Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine.
6. Literary Dictionary Directory / Ed. R. T. Hromyaka, Y. I. Kovaliva. – K. : Academy, 2007. – 752 p.
7. Masenko L. T. Language and politics / L. T. Masenko. – 2nd ed., Reported. – K : Sunflower, 2004. – 120 p.
8. Matveeva L. V. Psychology televyzyonnoy kommunikaczii / L. V. Matveeva, T. Y. Anikeev, Y. U. Mochalova // Culture of communication. – Moscow : RIP-holding, 2002. – 316 p.
9. Farion I. D. Norm of Language : destruction, search, renewal (Broadcasting Public Culture people) : [monograph] / I. D. Farion. – Ed. 3rd, ext. – Ivano-Frankivsk City, 2013. – 332 p.
10. Shugaylo Y. Theory of media exposure on personality / Shugaylo YV // [electronic resource]. – Access : www.nbuv.gov.ua. – Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine.

Key words: dramatic poem, man, artist, genre, plot, character.

The dramatic poem «The Nightingale-Solveig» was a new phenomenon in the Ukrainian drama 1970-1980 years by originality in the formulation of problems, ideological sound. You can also add originality characters, their destinies plexus and poetics of a work that allows these contents phenomena. As an artist Ivan Drach is trying to understand the profound conflict of a woman’s heart, where raging artistic outlook reviews feminism, lyricism and virility, desire to fulfill the holy mission of the mother and not to betray vocation. The author tries to convey the whole range torments of the human soul, turning to images of literature.

The realization that the great epic works should enhance analytical thought that was affected at dramatic poem «The Nightingale-Solveig», is filled with cascades of questions about the nature of art and life, the vocation of talent, the moral adequacy of creative personality. The main character Marina Turchin, while being in the multifaceted life and career situations with complex, there is simultaneously the bearer of opposing characters, opposite’s good and evil, dedication and narcissism. It rejects demands humble service to society and then shares its ethical standards. Hence – the conflict of the artist and the community which can be resolved due to the instinct to survive extent. Strong character can run its course until the end, which is death. He is mentally so strong that the end of wholeness is death. He can reach his goal – and then triumphants, or as in the art (with no end) it is to the rest of their forces, and going down into the grave, is leaving his soul into materialized objects to their descendants. Talent is the God’s gift and at the same time is a punishment. For realizing it we have to give up many pleasures of earthly existence, which enjoy ordinary people. Realized talent can bring glory and immortality to man, the same process of talent realization often requires renunciation of all worldly goods.

Once Michael Turchin was fashioned Nymph from twenty years Marina. Nymph – is dreaminess and volatility, youth in their arms, in her heart lives immortal eternity, she loves with no regretting, and throws into the maelstrom with head, even death will be payback for this. This Nymph was living with Marina and always wished to awaking, was waiting for her Lukash. She persistently sought him among men feminist era. Rock woman wants alive, not rock love, because in fact fought stone fragile soul, the eternal is waiting for Solveig holy life. And in each of her men she was looking for herself, coalescing with which, she fells the expected long harmony. Marina was living with stone dreams, creativity. All her life «tooks the batch», because those sculptures were placed in a global spirit of humanity. These were her stone soul children, who were living in her, which she lived, they were fragment of her «I», in which eyes she was able to look at the world. How many yet are unborn, forgotten, promised that are broken, torn into the world, do not give sleepless nights to sleep, saying: «Born us! Born!» (1, p. 400) – is waiting for their apparition. The most in Marina’s workshop are mothers: «Vietnam Mother», «Ballerina Mother», «Shahtarka Mother», «Foremother all things», «Future Mother», «Mother of astronaut», «Mother Young guard» and Turchin’s gold – his award for «Mother of peace» – a woman with a giant belly and dove in pilot. Only a woman with soul artist – creator can fully understand the mystery of birth, when in the throes is given life that remains after you, and you become a link that unites the world with boundless nothingness, when the ocean of ideas, transcendental principles, entities – is something holistic and a living. It comes into the world that someone will open for you and will see it differently. Marina harbored ideas of her creations, like babies. All the physical and mental strength she gave them. She gave birth not only their ideas, but Michael, missed through her. Recently she officered with hammer, chisel and rasp, extracting stone forms. «Is it woman’s work?» (1, p. 409), – close and familiar people asked repeatedly. Not just secretly Marina asked this herself, and she wanted a simple female happiness as a «Khimka, Thecla, Nina or Nastya»:

It is the Nymph’s hand that I spilled

Two rhizomes, whinisical patterns,

Broke the body to the edge,

I want a son so much that I die, Nymph…

Oh, God, I was working for twenty years,

With hammer beat in the crown chisels,

Bent, broke, drilled and scrubbed,

And asps my youth vents and vents…

Where did my wash waist escape?!

I want a son! I wish a son (3, p. 457).

Philosophical anthropology focuses on the personal qualities of man as a social, historical, psychological phenomenon.

The real struggle is in the Marina’s soul. Here Ivan Drach raised profound philosophical and moral, social problem that excites artists: how to combine the human person and the means and purpose, how to make a man heading for the objective high end, comprehended, however, their individual dream that she realized the most creative and human potential opportunities.

This conflict in dramatic poem by Ivan Drach is expressed in Marina’s passionate monologue-confession, especially in the «intermezzo moon» – the night race heroine with «strange creatures» – the creative dreams that are waiting for his birth, Marina faces with the dilemma of burning life: creativity of personal happiness. «The chorus of strange creatures» – the creative miracles, «delirium-tired», «unborn children» are asking the world and life:

For you, for you we are waiting for years!

You studied for twenty years – you are forty.

All whims, all aversion in February under cock

Take and drive – let rages over gin.

All doubts – away, all confusion – by knee!

You – you must, you have to, and you are surely punished,

You – breed our defensed souls,

You have to nurse us… (1, p. 283).

Marina wants to «light up in the world mother», to give not stones, but human life, finally, even in forty years to stay weak until the end of feminine beloved, seeks simple human happiness. She looks with envy, as Peter is carrying Natasha, but then ironically: «What does he hear in his chicken flight? Flight of private property man?» (2, p. 132). There is a long-standing problem of the struggle between the desire for human happiness and vocation. As a scholar of Ivan Drach M. Ilnytskyi believes: «The conflict between these two principles in Marina’s nature is carried out with particular acuteness and internal consistency. Two voices in her soul sound not quiet, trying to muffle the second one, but without success» [4, p. 131].

Michael with some strange magnetism attracted the people, especially women, with eternal unsolved mystery that attracted to him, he was for Marina, who understood his creative soul as her own. His «believer» was also Oksana. He broke her life… And her daughter, who now is playing on his violin, she calls Solveig and it is no coincidence: «The word is our prisoner in mouth, not taking root» (2, p. 181), so brothers and father called her Nightingale. This little innocent hurt for the sins of the parents girl is that Nightingale-Solveig, echoing confusion of broken love, the pain, sadness treachery oracle… Violin, in which Solya played – is incomprehensible music symbol, according to M. Ilnytskyi, this «music – is forever, conquers death, betrayal, physical illness, it embodies the continuity of high spiritual, towering above the commonplace his sacrifice and his suffering» [4, p. 154]. Perhaps the music of violin is pure, sacred, immortal melody and Ibsen’s, Hrihovoyi Solveig’s song. Thus, the fate of Marina Turchin – is a vivid illustration of the internal conflict of the human «I». And, as A. Tkachenko notes, the biggest paradox, perhaps, because «no matter how desperately Marina behaved, it is not given to know this long-awaited simple woman’s happiness» [7, p. 189], because its foundation – is an art which she lived for so many years, without which it would not be Marina.

Expressions of protagonist as an artist touches and internal conflict that varies in «Lunar intermezzo» – is a kind of intermission in the work. After protagonist raving the author shows the entire volume and variety of creative intention remarkable woman. The author deliberately selects various epithets to emphasize the inclusiveness of creative ideas that still remains to Marina.

Heroes who make a chorus, have very specific names «One that dam breaks», «Who sits in the rock», «Water grandfather» who resonates with the characters of the drama extravaganza by Lesya Ukrainka «Forest Song» underscore the importance of his artistic incarnation, perpetuation. According to researcher M. Kudryavtsev, «there is no well-defined story line». Human nature, fate did not appear in the direct actions or direct sequence. They appear through flashbacks, monologues, moral confession characters in difficult situations, relationships, served in a rather interesting, unusual in its interweaving of exclusivity, in a kind of psychological measurement. The drama is no characteristic of these genre elements – exhibition, conflict, ties, and development of action, climax, and denouement. The characters are different gender, age, profession, preferences. Each of them is a rich inner world.

The desire for personal happiness and the higher spiritual calling is particularly acute in the face of the modern woman and is in constant confrontation. Ivan Drach could not avoid this theme. Look how author remembers about the idea of writing a poem: «What did prompt me to write it? In a television program advocated a woman – doctor, professor, and head of the scientific team. It has the authority, fame, her appreciate the scientific community in our country and abroad, and then she suddenly started talking about organic desire of every woman ordinary, simple female happiness, a desire to have a family» [2, p. 155]. As an artist, Ivan Drach is trying to understand the profound conflict of a woman’s heart, where the raging artistic outlook reviews feminism, lyricism and virility, desire to fulfill the holy mission of the mother and not to betray vocation. The author tries to convey the whole range torments of the human soul, turning to woman’s images of literature.

According to A. Tkachenko, we are witnessing a «dualistic opposition between «life» and «creativity», «earth» and «heaven», «body» and «soul». And the fact that she as an artist is well aware of this intelligence makes it no less dramatic, not dulls the sharpness famous in the days of Classicist tragedy of conflict and a sense of duty» [7, p. 202]. Marina wants to «light up in the word mother», not giving stones, but human life, finally, even in forty years to stay weak until the end of feminine beloved, seeks simple human happiness. All life she had to be strong, to bear the brunt of everything, and now she wants someone to raise her strong, manly hands, and took as something fragile, expensive and delicate. She looks with envy, as Peter is carrying Natasha, but then ironically: «What does he hear in his chicken flight? Flight of private property man?» (2, p. 132). Some inner voice dictates: «Mission at the mercy forsakes worldly temptations and worldly bliss» (2, p. 159). There is a long-standing problem of the struggle between the desire for human happiness and vocation – is a sort faustyzm. As scholar of Ivan Drach M. Ilnytskyi believes: «The conflict between these two principles in Marina’s inner nature is carried out with particular acuteness and internal consistency. Two voices in her soul sound not quiet, and trying to muffle the second one, but without success» [4, p. 156]. You cannot serve two gods at once, you must choose: either you like everyone else, and forget their chimeras, or you – white crow – then you can fly long life that is not corrupt wing. And often it is cold in the air, I want to get warm by the someone’s fire, but you are a stranger everywhere – the world literature knows many of Faust.

Thus, the fate of Marina Turchin – is a vivid illustration of the internal conflict of the human «I». And, as A. Tkachenko noted, the biggest paradox, perhaps, is that «how desperately Marina behaved, it is not given to know this long-awaited simple woman’s happiness» [7, p. 189], because its foundation – is an art which she lived for so many years, without which it would not Marina have. Someday she will open her stone wings again and will fly away in quaint stone world. But the wings will get tired and then yearning will return for a warm nest, for marital happiness.

All in all, the author of the dramatic poem «Nightingale-Solveig» gives and reveals the important issues of humanity as a manifestation of the art of speech, focusing on finding creative personality. He modernizes, alters the nature of dramatic poem genre, in which he seamlessly combines drama, epic and lyric.

References

1. Demyanivska L. S. Ukrainian dramatic poem / L. S. Demyanivska. – K., 1984. – 158 p.
2. Drach I. The word / Ivan Drach. – K. : Lybid, 2009. – 204 c.
3. Zhulinskyi M. G. Ivan Drach / M. G. Zhulinskyi // Ukrainian Literary Encyclopedia : In 5 t. K. : Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia named M. Bazhan, 1990. – T. 2. – P. 108 – 109.
4. Ilnytskyi M. M. Ivan Drach / M. M. Ilnytskyi. – K., 1986. – 165 p.
5. Kovtun V. Ivan Drach : Attempt portrait of Ukrainian politics / V. Kovtun. – K., 1998. – 80 p.
6. Krylovets A. O. Ukrainian literature of the first decades of the twentieth century : philosophical problems / A. O. Krylovets. – Ternopol : Educational book. – Bogdan, 2005. – 256 p.
7. Tkachenko A. Ivan Drach // The history of Ukrainian literature of the twentieth century : In 2 books / Ed. V. Donchyk. – K., 1998. – B. 2. – 365 p.
8. Tkachenko A. The art of Ivan Drach / A. Tkachenko. – K., 1992. – 166 p.

The list of used sources

1. Drach I. Selected works : In 2 books. B. 2 : poetry dramatic poems / Ivan Drach. – K. : Dnieper, 1986. – 608 p.
2. Drach I. Sunny phoenix : Poetry. Dramatic poems / I. Drach. – K. : Youth, 1978. – 160 p.

Key words: dramatic poem, image, principle of education.

Ivan Drach – represent sixties. His work seemed genres such as ballad, a poem, a poem-symphony and many others. The poet repeatedly was investigated by critics. M. Ilnytskyi contemplates of the creative ways of the artist.

Tkachenko reveals peculiarities of poetics: «internal and external polemical, dramatic poetics of I. Drach transmitted, including, oksymoronno-paradoxical phrases that seemed to cover the state of mind» [8, p. 9]. V. Herman investigated neologisms Drach’s poetry. Moral and aesthetic impacts in poetic drama contemplate M. Kudryavtsev.

The research of dramatic poems by Ivan Drach is actual fact because his poems playwright violates the principles of creative education and identity formation. Moreover, Drach concentrated attention on the problem of man and a dead man, which is also relevant today.

Thus, ideological and thematic features of dramatic poems by Ivan Drach were not been the object of scientific comprehension.

In the work we used modern research works about life and work by Ivan Drach, namely Andryichenko I., Demyanivska L., Zhulinskyi M., Bidovanets T., Krylovets A., Melnychuk B., Tkachuk M., Shevchuk V.

The creation by Ivan Drach just more than half a century is investigated by literary critics. Ivan Drach began his creative path during the «Khrushchev thaw». He made his debut in 1961, when Kiev «Literary Gazette» published his poem-tragedy «Knife in the sun».

In the poet’s complicated naturally combined with the simplicity of drawing associativity, extraordinary precision observations and unexpected novelty comparing different areas, which caused controversy in various critics. Scholar of Ivan Drach M. Ilnytskyi observes: «I think in that way find verge grip remote concepts and phenomena, select from sparks of meaning and emotional richness» [3, p. 32] – the characteristics of his poetic style.

1. Ilnytskyi wrote: «What does determine the type of talent? Voice recognition in each row, loyalty elected principles of poetic language, motives or ability to change each time in response to new realities, new trends in the literary process, new techniques in writing? When such criterion approaches to the works by Ivan Drach, the answer is ambiguous. For his poetry is the full characteristic the first and second» [3, p. 67].

Many scientists were studied the works by Ivan Drach, including: L. Demyanivska «Ukrainian dramatic poem», M. Zhukinskyi «Ivan Drach // Ukrainian Literary Encyclopedia», V. Kovtun «Ivan Drach: Attempt portrait of Ukrainian politics», A. Tkachenko «Ivan Drach – poet, screenwriter and politician», «The artistic world of Ivan Drach», «Ivan Drach // The history of Ukrainian literature of the twentieth century». Moreover, Tkachuk M. explored Drach’s creativity at work «Ivan Drach // Ukrainian language and literature».

Ivan Drach is constantly in creative work and creative search. As Boris Olyinyk rightly observes, Drach’s poetry gives grounds to say that without it modern literary course is not conceived.

In basis of «The Ballad of a teacher» is laying very real dramatic fate prototype, the famous rural educator V. O. Sukhomlynskyi that is much ahead of his time.

1. Ilnytskyi praised a poem very well: «The teacher raises it to his full height as a teacher, as a citizen, as a person… The product is a step in the writer, his talent was discovered new faces…» [3, p. 90].

Ivan Drach was created a great author’s work with a flamboyant character and teaching drama and showed outstanding Soviet educator Sukhomlynskyi with creative research, personal stories of fate.

The title is metaphorical as an image of Teacher – it is a collective metaphorical image, the prototype of which is Vasyl Sukhomlynskyi and combining the images of other outstanding teachers of the world: Ushynskyi, Comenskyi, Pestalozzi, Skovoroda, Korczak and Makarenko.

Moreover, in «The word to the reader» highlights the extraordinary importance of the main theme of the work – the teaching profession, raising it to universal horizons, identifying all people from students and teachers:

Each of us is a teacher, reader,

All of us – are both pupils and teachers.

All of us in his good and evil

Is carrying someone cold and hot love (1, p. 152).

Ivan Drach, with the author’s words, which are a circular frame work, announces the arrival of a young teacher from Germany in Pavlyshchany. The teacher is opposed to Makarenko:

Makarenko – is forged man

A teacher – he sculpted it. The difference

Between smith and sculptor (1, p. 159).

1. S. Makarenko – is a real teacher, organizer of the production of cameras, writer. About all that survived with his pupils, the difficulties of converting little indifferent and cynical teenager man, the teacher described in fine works: «Pedagogical Poem», «Flags on the towers», «The book for parents». With extraordinary curiosity and wonder you read how many had to have the soul of warmth, love, kindness to their particles were transferred to inmates! Location teacher drew patience that showed exceptional intelligence, tact in communicating with pupils colony.

If A. Makarenko proved feasibility through education of staff in his pedagogical writings, the wonderful Ukrainian teacher V. Sukhomlynskyi defended the idea of pedagogical influence on the development of the individual student.

In «The Ballad of a teacher» Ivan Drach addressed to the problems of pedagogy, raised the question of the past, present and future of education and culture, the principles of public education, that influence on the inner spiritual world of man, in general about the traditions of Ukrainian ethnopedagogy, asserts innovative teaching by Vasyl Sukhomlynskyi.

Moreover, in «the word to the reader» highlights the extraordinary importance of the main theme of the work – the teaching profession, raising it to universal horizons, identifying all people from students and teachers:

 Each of us is a teacher, reader,

All of us – are both pupils and teachers.

All of us in his good and evil

Is carrying someone cold and hot love (1, p. 152).

In Sukhomlynskyi’s words we find the main idea of the work – the formation of a good man. Anatolyi Tkachenko wrote: «Compassion and confidence to the child, to adolescent Sukhomlynskyi considered the very first real teacher’s credo» [8, p. 35].

In «The Prologue» Ivan Drach highlights:

Each teacher – is a solid drama.

This knot of winds is blowing everywhere.

And so, as our teacher.

The same each and every step of his intention –

It explosives, compressed, pressed

Nature of subtle and powerful will be (1, p. 154).

1. Sukhomlynskyi wanted youth was strong, clever, intentive, active in public life. Educator hotly defended the idea that everything in the world is of the child in the process of education should prevail kindness. In the episode of Makarenko’s work, the hero of the work emphasizes:

So argument again and do not be ashamed of repetitions,

Make a fresh arguments

Want the old in a new way,

And that the truth was a true (1, p. 204).

Ivan Drach relates the Teacher and artist, calls him a sculptor, because good and educated person – is a kind masterpiece teacher.

In «The living Pavlyshchanskyi school book of impressions» are existing opinions of teachers of different people. They are convinced that the principles of education, which the teacher follows are correct.

In the section «Mariana and Walter with love» is formulated another principle of education:

Cruelty – is a terrible bacillus!

She has enormous inertial forces.

She is selfdevelopping – no restraint.

And cruelty masked demands.

Propagated myriad.

And simple logic ends:

Cruelty is becoming cruelty… (1, p. 186).

In the last part the Teacher appear before the court within the teachers of the world: Korczak, Skovoroda, Makarenko, Pestalozzi. For Teacher – this is a court of eternity, which is represented all that in my life man made.

The final of this poem is «To the authors», which is extremely well exalting all teachers, rises to the level of the saint:

These are teachers, out best people.

We all cherish the steep roads,

Hurt future, school, your chest –

Be hallowed your simple threshold (1, p. 205).

All in all, from the beginning of creative activity Ivan Drach distinguished himself not only as a true master of the lyric genre. He successfully implemented his creative possibilities in dramatic poems, which include a special innovation for the genre level. The creativity by Ivan Drach is a beautiful and unusual world. Poet inherents looseness creative thought, non-traditional poetic form and style. In his poems and verses is original metaphorical way of thinking, the ability to make poetry with concepts and phenomena that were previously beyond artistic beauty. Ivan Drach can easily with deliberate solemnity translate the painful reality into the language of symbols, hyperbolic metaphors, associations, own lyrical experience he intertwines in the ideological and semantic «full range» of historical allusions and surrealistic visions: the poet actively uses direct language, makes bold social-protest accents, combining them with allegorical and symbolic images-generalizations. The poet is wide-ranging, he takes care about blossom of national culture, thinks about identity of our state, saving and prime of our language as the basis of spiritual life of nation. Therefore, the basis motives of his poems are patriotism, love to country, belief in the omnipotence in science and engineering, disclosure issues confrontation light and dark beginnings, chaos and cosmos in human being, solar motifs. Creativity by Ivan Drach, covering different genres (a ballad, a poem, a poem-symphony and others), repeatedly was investigated by critics and literary critics. The name of Ivan Drach is closely related too definition of «The Sixties». However, among his other contemporaries and features that is never clear. His poetry does not fit the usual rules, into the framework of a single line style, creative manner. Ivan Drach is constantly in creative work and creative search. His figure in our history will stand next to the writers who were not only prophets, but also the creator of Ukrainian statehood.

References

1. Demyanivska L. S. Ukrainian dramatic poem / L. S. Demyanivska. – K., 1984. – 158 p.
2. Zhulinskyi M. G. Ivan Drach / M. G. Zhulinskyi // Ukrainian Literary Encyclopedia : In 5 t. K. : Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia named M. Bazhan, 1990. – T. 2. – P. 108 – 109.
3. Ilnytskyi M. M. Ivan Drach / M. M. Ilnytskyi. – K., 1986. – 165 p.
4. Kovtun V. Ivan Drach : Attempt portrait of Ukrainian politics / V. Kovtun. – K., 1998. – 80 p.
5. Krylovets A. O. Ukrainian literature of the first decades of the twentieth century : philosophical problems / A. O. Krylovets. – Ternopol : Educational book. – Bogdan, 2005. – 256 p.
6. Sun and the word : Strokes to the portrait of Ivan Drach // Ukrainian language and literature at school. – 1986. – № 10.
7. Tkachenko A. Ivan Drach // The history of Ukrainian literature of the twentieth century : In 2 books / Ed. V. Donchyk. – K., 1998. – B. 2. – 365 p.
8. Tkachenko A. The art of Ivan Drach / A. Tkachenko. – K., 1992. – 166 p.

The list of used sources

1. Drach I. Selected works : In 2 books. B. 2 : poetry dramatic poems / Ivan Drach. – K. : Dnieper, 1986. – 608 p.
2. Drach I. Sunny phoenix : Poetry. Dramatic poems / I. Drach. – K. : Youth, 1978. – 160 p.