Ключові слова: інноваційна діяльність, фінансування. 

In the article we investigate the features of financing innovative sphere, analysis of the main problems of financing innovation program in Ukraine and their consequences.

Keywords: innovation, funding

Problem setting. Innovation program is one of the most important factors of systemic social and economic development and national security state. For Ukraine, which is largely losing in recent years the scientific and innovation potential, so enhancing innovation is essential. Therefore, the relevance of the research is determining the specific aspects of the financing of these activities.

Last scientific researches and publications analysis. The issue of providing innovative development of the state and individual enterprise were researched by leading national scholars, including: B. Denysyuk, L. Fedulova, M. Charcot and others. B. Denysyuk notes that the increase in innovation program at all levels of the national economy is a priority objective of public policy: the establishment of adequate conditions require investments, reducing the risk of innovation funding, structure optimization, organizational forms and sources of funding. L. Fedulova proves that the problem of innovation program is complex. The priority in this area is to determine the optimum ratio of the amount of financial resources allocated for the implementation of individual stages of the acquisition, use, and create new knowledge[3].

Formulation of the article’s purpose. The purpose of this article is to determine the main aspects of innovation financing in Ukraine.

The statement of basic material of research. Today innovation for development is an essential and even crucial determinant of economic growth of any country in the world. It is necessary and appropriate replacement is the process of innovation in many industrial countries and even entire industries, as a future image of the national innovation system will largely depend on the capacity of the state in time to mobilize their internal innovation capacity [4].

Stressing the need to revitalize the innovation sector, it should be noted that in recent years the government adopted a number of resolutions and decisions of government programs aimed at improving the innovation performance of enterprises, but most of them failed to be realized in full in the real economy. It is therefore natural law of Ukraine “On National Security of Ukraine’s» № 964-IV dated 19.06.03 refers to strengthening innovative model of a major national priority (Article 6 of the Law). At the same time in Article7 of the Law is specified that the inefficiency of the state innovation policy mechanisms to stimulate innovation activities threaten the national security of Ukraine. In fact, we are dealing with ineffective innovative policy. However, the responsibility for this no one has, the law in this respect is not valid.

Legislation approving the 1.7% of GDP as a ratio of budget funding for science, the state allocates for many years to science only 0.3% of GDP. Every new president and every new government of independent Ukraine proclaimed science and innovation as one of the most important strategic components of the state ideology of social and economic [1].

As a result, over the last 22 years in Ukraine:

•  3.3 times decreased the number of workers in innovation (in the U.S. and Western Europe in that time it has grown 2 times in Southeast Asia – to 4-fold);
• 3.5 times decreased the number of researchers in technical sciences (with 5.6 times increased their numbers in political scientists, 3.5 – in law);
• decreased to 14.3 times the development of new technology;
• 5.5 times (from 60% to 11.2%) dropped share of innovation active enterprises (in Russia, their share is 10%, -16 in Poland in the EU – an average of 60);
• almost completely destroyed industry science (of 220 organizations, only 20 left);
• GDP growth through the introduction of new technologies in Ukraine is 0.7%, meanwhile in developed countries this figure is 60-90%[2].
• Enhancing innovations is only possible on the basis of a developed system of financing that is designed to provide a solution of the following major tasks:

1. Creating the necessary conditions for rapid and effective innovation sphere at all levels of the national economy, ensuring its structural and technological restructuring;

2. Preservation and development of strategic scientific and technological capabilities in priority areas of development;

3. Creating the necessary material conditions for the preservation of human resources of science and technology, to prevent his moving abroad.

The main source of funding for innovation in Ukraine during the 2000-2012 biennium are own funds, the share of which in 2012 accounted for 63.9% of total expenditure on innovation, whose share declined from 79.6%. Significant amounts of funding are other sources which share ranges from 9-46% and foreign investors – 0,4-30% in different years.

Financing of scientific and technical work in Ukraine during 2000-2011 raise by 4.7 times, but for 2010-2011 decreased by 3.9%. The structure of funding sources accounted for the largest share of the state budget, the highest of which was in 2007-2009. During this period of rising share in the financing of own funds on demand enterprises of Ukraine and foreign countries [3].

The main problem of financing innovation program in Ukraine are: lack of state financial support for innovative projects of various sizes, which are realized in the industry; insufficient funding from the private sector (through risks, problems with the commercialization of innovative products, etc.); “Innovative” orientation or negligible activity created innovative (state) and venture capital (private, mostly foreign-born) funds as well as their minor financial investment opportunities; lack of mechanisms for the redistribution of public investment resources for the innovation sector; lack of interest of foreign investors in the financing of national innovation sector [5].

Conclusion. Today in Ukraine is an important enhancement of attention of state and society in general to the level of innovation, the formation of innovation culture of the nation, creating the conditions for the formation of public-private partnerships, as well as the choice of optimal forms and sources of funding in innovation and creation of innovation.

REFERENCES

1. Давідов  M. B. Шляхи організаційно-фінансового забезпечення інноваційного процесу на підприємствах України  //  Актуальні проблеми економіки.  ‑ 2008. ‑ № 4(82). ‑  С.  130‑134.
2. Денисюк В.М. Інноваційна активність національної економіки: вдосконалення методології, показники промислових підприємств, державна підтримка //Економіст. ‑ 2005. ‑ № 8. ‑ С. 45‑49.
3. Семенов  І. П.  Розвиток інноваційної діяльності на підприємствах України  //  Актуальні проблеми економіки   ‑ 2008. ‑ № 3(81) ‑   С.  102‑108.
4.  Федулова Л. В.  Развитие национальной инновационной  системи  Украины // Экономика Украины. – 2005 . ‑  №4. ‑ С.  35‑47.

]]> https://naub.oa.edu.ua/features-of-funding-of-innovation-program-in-ukraine/feed/ 0 https://naub.oa.edu.ua/deterrent-on-the-development-of-technology-parks-in-ukraine-2/ https://naub.oa.edu.ua/deterrent-on-the-development-of-technology-parks-in-ukraine-2/#respond Fri, 27 Jun 2014 18:30:27 +0000 http://naub.oa.edu.ua/?p=14871 У статті досліджено функціонування технологічних парків в Україні, виокремлено ряд чинників, які стримують їх  розвиток, що також впливає на стан інноваційної сфери в Україні в цілому.

Ключові слова: технологічні парки (технопарк), інноваційна діяльність, проект.

 In the article we investigate the functioning of technology parks in Ukraine, determined several factors that hinder their development and affect the state of innovation sphere in Ukraine.

Keywords: technology park (tech park), innovative activity, project.

Problem setting. Today, all over the world extremely cost-effective organizational form is the industrial parks – territorial-production and scientific system which can be described as a process of integration of production and science. These institutions are areas of economic activity, combining the potential of universities, scientifically research structures, industrial and infrastructure organizations. In their work they are based on the results of scientific and technological research and have extensive relationships with industrial enterprises, research institutions at the national level as well as at the regional and international levels.

Therefore, the relevance of this research is to determine the effectiveness of technology parks, analyzing their activities and distinguish factors that inhibit the development of technology parks in Ukraine.

Last scientific researches and publications analysis. The issue of development of technology parks was researched by quite a large number of scientists and economists. In particular, I. Antipov analyzed the impact of technology parks in the development of innovation, A. Shishkin covered basic problems of Ukrainian parks, A. Prodius, V. Adamchuk determined the nature and purpose of technology parks. The activity of technology parks in the Ukraine and the factors that inhibit their development require a separate study.

Formulation of the article’s purpose. The purpose of this article is identifying the main barriers meet on the way of the development of technology parks in Ukraine.

The statement of basic material of research. The main elements of innovation infrastructure in the developed countries are kind of centers of acceleration of innovation processes are technology parks. Combining the mutual interests of consumers and innovation led to a rapid increase in the number of countries growing rapidly – Japan, China and India [2]. With the understanding of the important role of technology parks in these countries at the national level they take care about the introduction of special regimes promote parks. These are tax and customs exemptions, loans on favorable terms, earmarking some innovation, state orders for innovative products, etc. In the presence of such state support technology parks provide job creation, the development of highly profitable businesses and content of national markets science intensive technology products. In addition, the presence of a competitive industrial parks contribute to these countries on the global markets for goods and services. [5]

In Ukraine market of R & D products is forming so requires special attention. There are several factors that inhibit the development of technology parks in Ukraine. Let’s begin with examining the activity of parks. The formation of this system in Ukraine began in 2000 recording of technology parks as the Institute of single crystals and the Institute of Electric Welding Institute named. Later appeared: 2001 – Vuglemash; 2002 – Semiconductors, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Ukrinfoteh; 2003 – Kyiv Polytechnic and Intelligent Information Technologies and others.

One of the major barriers is unregulated legal and regulatory framework, which is constantly trying to organize, but constantly making changes only to the legal regulations, not laws that only brings disbalance to the plan of projects. The main provisions of the establishment and functioning of the Ukrainian technology parks is Law of Ukraine “On science parks» № 1563-VI of 25.06.2009 [1].

At present, according to the Law of Ukraine “On Special Regime of Innovation Activity technology parks” created 16 technology parks (see Tab. 1.1.).

Table 1.1.

Technological Parks of Ukraine from 2000 to 2012

* Source: [5].

Observe that the from 16 technology parks (4 of them are still registered) operates only half, but the bulk of sales accounted for only 4 industrial parks – Institute of Electric Welding Institute under the name of Paton in Kiev, Institute for Single Crystals in Kharkov, Semiconductor technology and materials, optoelectronics and sensor technology in Kiev and Vuglemash in Donetsk . This is because the technology parks have scant support from the state, although by the legislation was approved to allocate to the question of science and innovation 1.7% of GDP, but for many years actually emit only 0.3% of GDP. Another problem is the use by domestic enterprises, banks, government agencies foreign unlicensed softwares, technologies, materials and equipment in connection with low creditworthiness and lack of interest in supporting domestic producers, which results in low demand for innovative products in the country.

Implemented in Ukraine model of “industrial park without walls’ or in international terminology a” virtual industrial park “according to leading experts in international economic and financial institutions (the World Bank to the Economic Commission of Europe) consistent with contemporary trends in parks. High economic efficiency of this model allows to provide indicators ​​that exceed those of traditional technology parks: the U.S. government is actively supporting innovation in the country both by creating enabling legislation and direct funding from the budget, but this support is not disinterested. President Obama demands that for every dollar of support to the state budget returned $ 2. InUkraine, for the period of 2001-2011 years tech parks support from the state amounted to 510 million UAH. The budget was disbursed to 1026 million UAH., that just over 2 UAH for 1 UAH of state support (in Tech park “Institute of Electric under the name of Paton” the figure was 4.41 UAH) [5].

Almost all projects meet established technological parks legally approved innovative needs of the specific parks. These projects include, as a rule, all stages of the cycle of innovation – from applied research and development to production and release of innovative products to market. Projects are required degree of patent protection in the countries which are potential consumers of these products. As an example, a number of projects implemented by leading Technological parks Ukraine: modern medical gamma camera and test system (“Institute for Single Crystals” (Kharkiv)), automatic welding armor hull of the T-34, high-frequency welding of soft tissues of the human body (Institute of Electric under the name of Paton (Kyiv)) [5]. Inventions Ukrainian tech parks are well-known on the world stage, they are winners of international tenders (Technopark Institute of Electric under the name of Paton won the tender to supply equipment for the renovate of the railway network in China, Brazil, USA), creating more than 3 thousand jobs, enhance research and innovation capacity of the country.

As noted above the first important factor is the low interest of the state in innovation and scientific development – it’s evident lack of funding and irregular legal and regulatory framework. Other subjects that do not support domestic inventions are companies, banks, government agencies, they prefer foreign unlicensed software products, technology, materials and equipment, which are not use overseas and they have an opportunity to buy it cheaper. In recent years the issue of desire of foreign investors to use the scientific potential of Ukrainian technology parks for their own commercial purposes has gained urgency. It could be proved by focusing of technology parks on foreign customers, attracting foreign capital for development and possible future operation, it appears particularly acute in the IT market since Ukraine is the first by the number of freelancers who are focused only on the international market.

Conclusion. We observe that the techno parks – is an effective and an important factor in shaping the innovation environment of the state, they have a positive effect on economic growth, provide new jobs, putting Ukraine on the international market of innovation, support and enhance the scientific potential of the country, selling products that are competitive on the world market, but there are several factors that significantly constrain the activities of technology parks: low level of funding, lack of support from domestic production enterprises and other organizations, the need to attract foreign investors and to focus on the foreign consumer. There is a need for a stable legal and regulatory framework which is a perfect mechanism of tech parks, provide transparency of the work. Another necessity is shortening the review and registration of innovative and investment projects.

REFERENCES

1. Закон України «Про наукові парки» № 1563 − VI від 25.06.2009 ‑  Eлектронний ресурс]. ‑  Режим доступу: http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1563−17/print13002 63470318111 ‑ Заголовок з екрану.
2. Антипов І. В. Інноваційний розвиток національної економіки в контексті створення інноваційних інфраструктур в освітній галузі // Збірник наукових праць Донецького державного університету управління. – 2010. – Випуск 148. – С. 1-8.
3. Продіус О. І. Інноваційний розвиток промисловості: реалії та перспективи // Вісник Хмельницького національного університету. – 2010. – №1, T. 1. – С. 106-109.
4. Чухрай Н. І. Інноваційний розвиток України: основні бар’єри та напрями їх подолання // Вісник Національного університету “Львівська політехніка”. – 2008. – №633. – С. 761-766.
5. Державне агентство з питань науки, інновацій та інформатизації України. ‑ [Електронний ресурс] ‑ Режим доступу: http://dknii.gov.ua/  − Заголовок з екрану.
6. Тельнов А.С. В.В. Гончарук. Технологічні парки: проблеми та перспективи розвитку: [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу: http://nbuv.gov.ua/portal/Soc_Gum/Vchnu_ekon/2010_1_2/035−041.pdf

]]> https://naub.oa.edu.ua/deterrent-on-the-development-of-technology-parks-in-ukraine-2/feed/ 0 https://naub.oa.edu.ua/evaluation-of-marketing-components-of-leading-banks-in-ukraine/ https://naub.oa.edu.ua/evaluation-of-marketing-components-of-leading-banks-in-ukraine/#respond Thu, 26 Jun 2014 08:15:38 +0000 http://naub.oa.edu.ua/?p=14882 В статті досліджено важливість та особливості обрання банком маркетингової стратегії на прикладі банківської сфери України, зокрема аналізу п’ятірки лідерів на цьому ринку для визначення тенденцій розвитку.

Ключові слова: банк, маркетингова стратегія.

 In this article the importance and features of electing bank marketing strategy is investigated on the example of the banking sector of Ukraine, including analysis of the top five banks on the market to determine trends of development.

Key words: bank, marketing strategy.

Problem setting. Today, the banking market of Ukraine functions 176, though about 50% of the market has five leaders, causing only competition between leaders, medium and small banks are forced to duplicate the strategy of leaders to maintain financial stability in the market.

Therefore, the relevance of the study is to determine the policies of banks of Ukraine and their impact on competitiveness.

Last scientific researches and publications analysis. The creation, development and expansion of banking technologies that meet the modern requirements of banking activities are devoted Ukrainian, Russian and foreign scientists and experts from banking. Proceedings A. M. Moroz, A.A. Peresady, A. V. Dzyublyuk, M. D. Oleksienko the theory and practice of banking F. Kotler, A. E. Utkin, J.H. Gerchikov, G.S .Panovoi.

Formulation of the article’s purpose. Analysis of marketing strategy of leading banks and the elements that form it.

The statement of basic material of research. Strategy of Commercial Bank – is adopted by its senior management set of directions and ways of life to achieve certain results in finance and credit, which have long-term social and economic consequences.

In Ukraine there is a clear division of banks on the strategy of “leader” and “follower”. To understand this it is necessary to explore some of the financial performance of banks, the services they offer and conduct a survey. It is important to realize that most leaders are asking the initial countdown in the banking sector, and that they determine what kind of strategy will choose the medium and small banks. For example, everyone knows that Pryvatbank began to develop Internet technologies, software cartridge for smartphones, tablets, and this made it possible to reach an audience aged 20-40 years who constantly use the network. Subsequently, all banks have adopted the strategy of “follower” and began to launch online banking.

Strategy as a marketing element provides a basic 5 elements (mentioned above), which is how the bank will be able to combine and implement these components depends on their position in the market. To begin with we shall understand these elements, compare bank products, advertising sites, the number of branches. After reviewing this information, we can identify strengths and weaknesses and suggest ways to improve it[1].

Trying to find weaknesses in the leading position in the market for banking services will help to make a recommendation to “followers” – medium and small banks. After some questioning, we can clearly understand why customers choose this bank.

The question is what is embedded in the concept of leadership. For the study was selected 5 banks who hold top positions in the ranking compiled by the National Bank of Ukraine in terms of assets (mln.). Consider that Pryvatbank occupies almost 22% of the banking market, followed by Oshchadtbank – almost 11%, and these banks are divided between 5% and 4%. We can conclude that the difference in performance is a clear indicator of the strategy of “leader” only one bank – Pryvatbank and “advancing a strategy” – the Oshchadtbank and all other banks can be attributed to “followers.”

The concept of banking products (banking or surgery) should be considered a different effect on the financial market, financial transactions carried out by commercial banks for a fee on behalf and for the benefit of its customers.

The most common banking services is the credit-deposit investment and defining the role of banks as financial intermediaries.

Since lending and investment operations are the most profitable for the bank, as a rule, they largely determine the level of banking risks.

Therefore, banks are required to maintain the optimal structure of their assets and in accordance with the economic situation, change it, or for loans or for investment.

In evaluating loan and investment portfolio of banks of Ukraine found that Pryvatbank holds a clear leadership role for five leaders of all the banks in the structure occupies 46.97% of them Pryvatbank – 20.13%. Only in the provision for debts of banks and funds raised from the issue of securities leads Savings Bank, apparently in order to attract investment. This also explains the specialization of banks and state-owned.

It is important to determine that all banks dominated lending to individuals, rather than legal, reflecting the nature of consumer credit Ukraine, rather than on economic development. Among corporate loans leading is Pryvatbank and Oshchadtbank, but among individuals Pryvatbank, Delta Bank and Raiffeisen Bank “Aval”.

One of the characteristics of trust in banking institutions are investing customer deposits. Analyzing the data, we observe that Pryvatbank is the most popular in both physical persons and legal entities in – explain this high level of confidence. Thus, the market deposit services bank takes individuals – 29.4%. This can be explained, first, favorable conditions and high interest rates are also a significant degree of confidence in the Pryvatbank. Quite a large proportion takes Oshchadtbank – 10.2%. Delta ranks – 7.1%, and in 2012 held only 3.6% – this can be explained by luring customers by offering high interest rates and a wide variety of deposit packets to recover after the crisis period.

Note that Pryvatbank, Savings Bank, Delta Bank ranks the top five in the ranking of the stability of banks where depositors evaluated loyalty, stability and ability to respond to risks.

The concept of price in the banking sector takes the form of the interest rate paid for the provision of certain services and charges. For comparison, we use deposit bags five leading banks, which include the possibility of quarterly interest payments (accrued at your own expense), replenishment, as well as commissions and conditions credit cards. Note, that banks now practice and short-term deposits, for example – Delta Bank – 14 days – as an additional rapid raise funds.

We have highlight and compare the most popular deposit bags leading banks in Ukraine and evaluated their effectiveness for clients.

So if you put a deposit on a 1000 UAH for a period of 3 months in each of the proposed bank, the largest monetary benefit – 44 UAH. get to Delta Bank, 43 USD. in Pryvatbank. In the case of Delta Bank, favorable interest rates can be explained by luring customers after bankruptcy risk during the crisis. In Pryvatbank – 43 UAH., Which is only 1 USD. less than the previous bank, and the Oshchadtbank and Raiffeisen Bank “Aval” – 37 UAH. Terms deposit packages confirming previous position of banks in Table 2.4. Except Delta Bank – this can be explained by ineffective advertising or disbelief to the bank.

One of the most popular banking products today are credit cards, because they allow the owner to use credit when buying different products and payment services. To some extent, define financial independence. Required monthly payment that comprise the current outstanding loans highest Raiffeisen Bank “” Aval “bank” and the highest commission services: withdrawals – 3% conversion services funds to the banks – 4%. The most beneficial credit card offers Delta Bank – a great time grace period, a low monthly fee. Oshchadtbank offers low commission payments compared to all banks. This explains the impact on the Bank’s profitability and market share in Ukraine.

Important role also takes commission – recovery from the customer a certain amount of money by using the services of the bank. Commission rates on the site of each of the selected banks only issue of accessibility – that is how fast the client can find the list and whether it is listed there. For example, the price list of some banks is not specified Commission for payment of utility services, currency exchange – buying and selling foreign currency in cash, because the commission for the sale of foreign currency was at NBU is the difference between the exchange rate and the exchange rate of the NBU.

Assessing commission rates, we determined that the pay utility bills favorably in Oshchadtbank, although most banks offer system utilities via the Internet or terminals, which reduces the commission. Delta Bank offers low rate of conversion to cash due from other banks, exchanges and any currency without commission payment – Pryvatbank.

Besides the choice of the customers affected banks and bank location, accessibility to services. Describing the location of the bank should consider the number of bank branches in each of the leaders in various cities of Ukraine as clearly evident direct and logical relationship: the more branches, the higher the demand for banking services[3].

As the number of branches (branches) leading Oshchadtbank- this can be explained by the fact that in the 80s the bank was part of the Oshchadtbankof the USSR, which had a considerable number of branches in Ukraine and reserved the right to dispose of them. Pryvatbank gaining momentum in saturation bank branches, terminals throughout the country, so we can say that place prevalence and play an important role in choosing the bank customer.

Advertising is one of the most complex and interesting basic elements of marketing. In Ukraine, the advertising is just beginning to develop, as banks begin to use a variety of alternative methods. Today we can see already familiar to all advertising on television, radio, transport, billboards. Quite new is advertising in social networks. In 2013 he was named the most popular Pryvatbank Bank in social networks –  Facebook, Twitter (after study “Prostobank Consulting), very high position in the ranking is the same Delta Bank and Raiffeisen Bank” Aval “.

We know that a website has become an essential element for a considerable customer base in Ukraine, as all banks are growing rapidly in this direction, because it is also a kind of promotional items. Comparing usability, information sites, the design, the client may prefer a particular bank. For example, the site Pryvatbank is a video demonstration of the incremental use of the online service and it is quite important, because payments online does not have to pay commission. As for sites Raiffeisen Bank “Aval” and Oshchadtbank, can observe a large amount of information, sometimes even overload of information that makes all the answers to questions. Thus, the list of payments for utilities, use of internet, television provides no information on the payment of commission inventions. Totally, these sites are characterized by simple design. Delta Bank can be noted as the most original website that immediately attracts; existing credit cards and deposits are original, pretty competitive, that we can conclude that the bank has a clear audience.

The last component of each bank policies that directly affect the performance – a bank employee: competence, tolerance, knowledge of foreign languages, dress code – that’s what makes a significant impression on customers and creates most of the bank’s image.

The appearance of the bank employees – is actually his face. Therefore, neatness, cleanliness, business style – it’s definitely the right choice, but for some reason in Ukraine rarely practiced universal form, although banks are developing corporate symbols, for example, Delta Bank inspectors developed a red vest, previously used a red handkerchief. Raiffeisen Bank “Aval” uses the same shirts and yellow kerchief. Almost all banks use such trifles – scarf, badges, pins, vests, ties, scarves. Overall, this creates a positive impression of the bank. The main rules of the dress code of each bank consists of – white shirt, and dark colors suits for men, for women – appropriate length skirts, light makeup.

Regarding the education of staff banks, online banks, and the other (http://www.banki.ua/), different customers leave reviews, but, unfortunately, a large number of them are negative. But it is unacceptable for leading banks. This means that banks should immediately pay attention to it, you need to train staff to motivate them.

REFERENCES

1. Банківська справа: Підручник / За ред. д-ра екон. наук, проф. Коробової Г.Г. – М.: Економіст, 2009. – 75С.

2. Банківська справа: Підручник. – 4-е вид., Перераб. і доп. / Под ред. проф. Колесникова В.І., проф. Кроливецкой Л.П. – М.: Фінанси і статистика, 2009. –46с.

3. Жованик В.М. Ризик-менеджмент в комерційному банку в умовах перехідної економіки / / Гроші і кредит – № 5 – 2009р. – С.60-65

4. Ларіна Л.І. Основні напрями вдосконалення корпоративного управління в банківському секторі / / Гроші і кредит – № 9 – 2010р. – С.40-43

]]> https://naub.oa.edu.ua/evaluation-of-marketing-components-of-leading-banks-in-ukraine/feed/ 0 https://naub.oa.edu.ua/the-application-of-cluster-analysis-for-identifing-the-investment-attractiveness-of-the-regions/ https://naub.oa.edu.ua/the-application-of-cluster-analysis-for-identifing-the-investment-attractiveness-of-the-regions/#respond Thu, 26 Jun 2014 08:14:22 +0000 http://naub.oa.edu.ua/?p=14880 В статті досліджено інвестиційну привабливість Рівненської області порівняно з іншими областями України для визначення реального інвестиційного потенціалу області.

Ключові слова: інвестиційна привабливість, кластер ний аналіз, фактори, k–means, дендрограма.

 In this article is investigated the investment attractiveness of the Rivne region compared to other regions of Ukraine to determine the real investment potential of the region.

Keywords: investment attractiveness ing cluster analysis, factors, k-means, dendrohram.

 Problem setting. The complexity of investment regulation is the fact that it covers diverse areas of economic life – the field of scientific and technological progress, government management of the economy, finance and banking, commercial calculation enterprises pricing. Therefore, the relevance of the study is to evaluate the investment attractiveness with the help of tools, which will take into account all these factors.

Last scientific researches and publications analysis. The issue of investment attractiveness of regions and factors that affect them quite substantially explored in the works of foreign and domestic scientists. Theoretical principles and aspects of investment in general and investment attractiveness, in particular, studied by such scholars as form I. A. Blank, V. I. Tolstonoh, K. V. Romanov, L. V. Tsedylyn.

Formulation of the article’s purpose. The purpose is to determine the investment attractiveness of regions using cluster analysis; compare the potential of Rivne region compared to other regions.

The statement of basic material of research. Investment attractiveness of the area that eventually manifested in the ability of the region to attract investment funds formed under the influence of a number of factors. Some of these factors can be described by statistical indicators[2].

To building mathematical and statistical models of economic development of various regions is to identify regions of homogeneous populations presented a system of economic indicators. An effective method that allows you to group together into homogeneous regions using a wide range of indicators, cluster analysis.

Problem cluster analysis lies in the fact that on the basis of data that contain many X, split into a set of objects G m (m – integer) clusters (subsets) Q1, Q2, …, Qm, so that each object Gj belong to one and only one subset of breakdown and that objects belonging to the same cluster are similar, while as objects belonging to different clusters are dissimilar[5].

Cluster analysis was carried out to trace the position of Rivne region relative to other regions. Attention was taken five groups of factors are included in the fairly common in domestic practice is a technique developed I. Blank. He offered to carry out the evaluation of the investment climate and investment attractiveness of regions on the basis of all the following data:

1) the level of economic development of the region (35% significance);

2) the level of infrastructure investment (15%);

3) the demographic characteristics of the region (15%);

4) the level of development of market relations and market infrastructure (25%);

5) the presence of environmental, investment, political, credit,

commercial, foreign exchange risk (10%)[1].

The level of economic development of the region includes the following factors: income, million, net exports and imports, mln. Gross regional product by 1 person, hrn., The number taken into operation housing sq.m., number of firms tys.od. The level of infrastructure investment is described by means of capital investment, mln. and foreign direct investment, mln., the number of companies that have implemented innovative projects thousand units. The level of development of market relations and market infrastructure described data on the average wage in the region, hrn., Unemployment, the level of the economically active population, thousand, the number of people enrolled in higher education, thousand people Environmental risks described in emissions of pollutants and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by regions, thousand tons[4].

At the first stage of the cluster analysis was performed hierarchical model building (dendrogram) sample in 27 regions in 14 factors. We observe regional grouping in 4 sets:

Group 1: Volyn, Kirovograd, Kherson, Sumy, Chernivtsi, Transcarpathian, Zhytomyr, Cherkasy, Rivne, Mykolaiv, Khmelnytsky, Ivano-Frankivsk region;

Group 2: Lviv, Odessa, Poltava, Zaporozhye, Lugansk region;

Group 3: Crimea, Sevastopol, Kiev and Kharkiv regions;

Group 4: Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk Oblast and Kyiv.

In group 4 is apparent anomalous phenomenon of Kyiv as a highly attractive investment focus.

The performed cluster analysis using k-means (all regions are divided into 4 clusters): 1 cluster – a very high level of investment attractiveness; Cluster 2 – high investment attractiveness; 3-cluster – medium level of investment attractiveness; Cluster 4 – low level of attractiveness, argues leading position in Kyiv, 2 group with high potential include: Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk region. Rivne region is included in group 3, ie, a medium attracts. For a detailed observation of conduct cluster analysis by k-means; was removed in one case, Kyiv, in the second case 4 group as a whole, since there is a clear advantage of this group: Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk Oblast and Kyiv. This may be caused by the following factors:

– High sophistication of industry and infrastructure;

– A significant amount of capital and attract foreign direct investment;

– Powerful natural resource endowment;

– Qualitatively developed consumer segment;

For the next cluster analysis by k-means taken 26 regions, 13 factors and grouping into 4 clusters: Rivne region went into the 3 groups – with an average level of attractiveness. This is due to the fact that in this area there are industries that are clearly dominant and competitive, but at the same time, there are industries that require immediate attention and improvement. F-statistics show that the most significant factors are: pollution and emissions into the atmosphere, income, realized the amount of goods and services, the level of the economically active population. Graph shows the mean values of clusters difference one group from another by means of the, for example cluster number 2 is characterized by the highest level of pay and the number of people enrolled, compared to other clusters.

Analyzing the Rivne region on these indicators can be said that the region is a significant need for education (qualification), as this is the largest area of ​​a number of young people. Emissions of pollutants and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by region are mean because in our region Rivne nuclear power plant and chemical industry Rivneazot. Consider creating more industrial zones that will help attract additional investment, human resources, but it generates additional threat of pollution and aging assets. The level of the economically active population of the region is rather high, since the business segment developed quite well, although in Rivne region recorded a small number of companies. Quite a vulnerable side to the area is the presence of small amount of available lands it reduces the chances of attracting investment through the creation of new facilities management, agro.

Conclusion. Overall, the clustering analysis is very effective for determining the investment attractiveness of the region may include a set of indicators, as most factors are correlated and are closely related, for example: the level of the economically active population and unemployment, as further possible exception of one of these factors Replacement and other. It is important indicators to describe the attractiveness of the various parties: Economic: income, inflation, unemployment, domestic regional product; Social: education; innovation, as innovation activities is one of the key factors that attract investment; Political: corruption, open government.

Rivne region has huge potential for foreign direct investment in the future, but is vital sectors that need above all government intervention – for example, education. High levels of corruption – is not stimulating factor, this is a significant barrier towards foreign investors. The business sector and business climate tends to improve as the number of firms will increase.

REFERENCES

1) Бланк І. А. Управление инвестициями предприятия: для руководителей, фин. менеджеров предприятий, преподавателей, аспирантов, студентов экон. вузов / И.А. Бланк. – К.: Эльга; Ника-Центр, 2003. ‑ 469 с. ‑ (Б-ка фин. менеджера; вып. 3).

2)  Іванова М.О. Кластерний аналіз інвестиційного клімату у різних регіонах України / М.О.Іванова, Ммот В.Є. ‑ [Електронний ресурс] ‑ Режим доступу: http://www.economy.nayka.com.ua/?op=1&z=2316 ‑ Заголовок з екрану.

3)  Кластерний аналіз у статистиці 10.00. ‑ [Електронний ресурс] – Режим доступу: http://www.statosphere.ru/blog/110-statclusterk.html ‑ Заголовок з екрану.

4)  Державна служба статистики України. ‑ [Електронний ресурс] – Режим доступу:http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/ -Заголовок з екрану.

5)  Глєбов Є. М. Кластерний аналіз як складова процесу визначення рівня інвестиційної привабливості регіону // Є. М. Глєбов. ‑ [Електронний ресурс] – Режим доступу: http://www.rusnauka.com/NPM/Economics/13_13_gljebov_tezi.doc.html ‑ Заголовок з екрану.

]]> https://naub.oa.edu.ua/the-application-of-cluster-analysis-for-identifing-the-investment-attractiveness-of-the-regions/feed/ 0 https://naub.oa.edu.ua/the-role-of-the-choice-of-strategy-for-the-banking-sector/ https://naub.oa.edu.ua/the-role-of-the-choice-of-strategy-for-the-banking-sector/#respond Thu, 26 Jun 2014 08:09:58 +0000 http://naub.oa.edu.ua/?p=14877 В статті досліджено важливість та особливості обрання банком маркетингової стратегії на прикладі банківської сфери України.

Ключові слова: маркетингова стратегія, банк, ринок.

 In this article the importance and features of electing bank marketing strategy is investigated on the example of the banking sector of Ukraine.

Key words: marketing strategy, bank, market.

Problem setting. Management of the bank at the present stage of market reforms in Ukraine requires finding innovative approaches and new attitudes. One is the implementation of marketing strategy, which allows you to respond quickly to market changes by developing and implementing specific measures for research and market development of alternative and flexible training solutions and achieve the ultimate goal of – to ensure a profitable and long-term functioning of the bank. Speed and adequacy of responses to changes in factors of environmental, making effective decisions depend on knowledge of the specific situation in the market, what is the source of market research. In other words, marketing information plays a role in the management of banks, forms required for modern management of information, which allows you to work out and make management decisions.

Therefore, the relevance of the research is determining the policies of banks of Ukraine and their impact on competitiveness.

Last scientific researches and publications analysis. The issue of selecting banking strategy was researched by different foreign and domestic scholars. Theoretical principles and aspects of banking policies and activities generally investigated by such scientists as D. Vladislav, J. Rubin, E. Porter, A. Kononenko.

Formulation of the article’s purpose. The purpose of this article is determination of the modern fundamentals of marketing strategy in the formation of banks of Ukraine.

The statement of basic material of research. Bank marketing is banking management system within the overall ideology of marketing. Based on the marketing concept we can formulate the main goal to be solved in the design and system of  running of automated  marketing. It stems from the need to analyze and maximize meet customer demand for banking products. Specificity of bank marketing consist of abstraction of the product, the nature of the contractual relationship and the length of time of use banking services. In fact, bank marketing – is not only sale of products and services, but also a philosophy and strategy that are impossible without preparation, in-depth understanding and analysis and intensive work of many branches, including both the board and the lower-level staff[2].

Marketing strategy is a selection of the best ways of achieving goals with the help of bank marketing. Like all other businesses, banks must determine their own development based on the specific goals they have set. The wording of the specific objectives of the bank is extremely important because it provides all the bank’s actions on the market to be a clear direction and makes all decisions on various aspects of the bank more efficient and consistent[3].

The content and purpose of marketing strategy is to establish long-term goals of the bank and the development of measures to achieve them. The main constituent elements of the marketing strategic plan can be considered to formulate mission of the bank; determine the prerequisites of the bank and assessment of marketing environment; prioritizing markets that have most significant effect on strategic decision-making; assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the bank, its opportunities and risks; adjustment strategies to a changing market environment; timing of policy actions; expected results of implementing the strategy[1].

The selection and implementation of the marketing strategy of the bank shall take into account certain requirements such as: compliance with the bank’s mission; coordination of resources and the circumstances of the bank; compatible with the plans of structural units; ensure the financial viability of the bank and its growth; ensure maximum dividends to shareholders and the maximum value of the bank’s securities on the stock market; ensure proper welfare of its workers[5].

Today, the banking market strategy is an essential element for the success of the bank.

Marketing strategy of development of the bank provides the following milestones:

•  Economic analysis and reviews to identify trends in socio-economic development of the region, the countries of the world economy in general and financial markets in particular;
• Identifying target markets in order to focus efforts on the needs of specific customer groups and gather information about target markets;
• Identifying opportunities and resources of the bank;
• The formation of the bank’s goals by matching features of the target market for each of the resources of the bank;
• Development of marketing programs and strategies for each target market with the goals of the bank and resource constraints (marketing programs should include a definition of products for this market, methods of pricing policies, delivery systems (sales) and stimulation);
• Development planning and budgeting implementation of marketing strategies;
• Monitoring the position of the bank in the market, providing feedback and corresponding adjustment of marketing strategy.
• Basic common mistakes when developing a marketing strategy: the laying of all work on the development of strategic marketing plan just for the marketing department; uncoordinated elements of the strategy being developed in different parts of the bank; insufficient or poor quality information[4].

Global features of bank’s marketing strategy is to influence the process of macroeconomic stabilization; identifying priority areas of action; help stabilize the national currency; infrastructure development of the monetary market; expansion of cooperation between Ukraine and international financial institutions; implementation of the national democratic doctrines, social and market reforms in Ukraine.

In Ukraine there is a clear division of banks on the strategy of “leader” and “follower”. To understand this it is necessary to explore some of the financial performance of banks, the services they offer and conduct a survey. It is important to realize that most leaders are providing the initial countdown in the banking sector, and that they determine what kind of strategy will choose the medium and small banks.

Conclusion. There are different strategies and form of using them but choosing the right strategy is an important factor, and its successful implementation allows the bank to acquire the status of “leader” to gain significant market share, a significant customer base and stable financial position. Today, the title of “leader” claimed many banks compiled various ratings that comprehensively assess the situation in the banking market, but all of them have a clear leader – Pryvatbak, which compete fairly easy, although such an attempt to observe the Oshchadbank, Delta Bank Raiffeisen Bank “Aval”.

REFERENCES

1. Антропов Д.Л. Інтегрований ризик-менеджмент у системі управління банком / / Гроші і кредит – № 1 – 2011 р. – 330.

2. Кононенко, А. Ф. Маркетинг у банку [ Електронний ресурс ] : конспект лекцій за курсом / А. Ф. Кононенко ; М-во освіти і науки України, Донец. нац. ун-т економіки і торгівлі ім. Михайла Туган-Барановського, Каф. банк. справи . ─ Донецьк : [ДонНУЕТ], 2011

3. Жованик В.М. Ризик-менеджмент в комерційному банку в умовах перехідної економіки / / Гроші і кредит – № 5 – 2012 р. – С.60-65.

4. Ольхова Р.Г. Планування і його роль в управлінні банком / / Бізнес і банки – № 41 – 2012 р. – С.1-4.

5. Сухов М.І. Роль системи корпоративного управління банку / / Гроші і кредит – № 9 – 2011 р. – 40-45.

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